database / mitochondrial
SS-31
also known as elamipretide, MTP-131
Skeletal structure drawn from the computed atomic coordinates in PubChem CID 11764719. Carbons are implicit vertices, hydrogens on carbon suppressed. Every atom sits where PubChem placed it.
Sequence
Primary structure not characterised in the public record.
D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 — contains D-arginine and 2,6-dimethyltyrosine, outside standard one-letter code.
Molecular data
| molecular formula | C32H49N9O5 |
|---|---|
| molecular weight | 639.8 Da (PubChem) |
| computed backbone mass | not characterised |
| length | not characterised |
| net charge (pH 7.4) | not characterised |
| mean hydropathy | not characterised |
| half-life | not characterised |
| delivery route | subcutaneous |
| PubChem CID | 11764719 |
| PDB | not characterised |
| UniProt parent | not characterised |
Mechanism
Cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide studied for mitochondrial inner-membrane stabilisation.
Reported targets: cardiolipin
Experimental structure
No experimental structure deposited in the PDB. A predicted fold is not a structure, so nothing is drawn.
Reported effects
Each row is an outcome described in the literature indexed for this peptide.
| reported outcome | where it appears |
|---|---|
| mitochondrial function in models | Elamipretide (SS-31) promotes recovery by preserving mitochondrial bioenerge… Neurochemistry international 2026 |
| muscle function in trials | Elamipretide (SS-31) and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Combination Thera… Neurochemical research 2026 |
Registered trials
| NCT | title | status | phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02653391 | A Study Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Elamipretide Topical Ophthal | COMPLETED | PHASE1, PHASE2 |
| NCT02805790 | Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy of MTP-131 for Treatment of Mitochondrial Disease in Subjects | COMPLETED | PHASE2 |
| NCT03098797 | A Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Elamipretide in Subjects With Barth | COMPLETED | PHASE2, PHASE3 |
| NCT02788747 | Effect of Elamipretide on Left Ventricular Function in Subjects With Stable Heart Failure Wi | COMPLETED | PHASE2 |
| NCT07531251 | Clinical Trial in Patients With Barth Syndrome- 4TAZPower | RECRUITING | PHASE4 |
Literature (8)
Elamipretide (SS-31) promotes recovery by preserving mitochondrial bioenergetics and neural remodeling after spinal cord injury — Neurochemistry international 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42082001 · DOI 10.1016/j.neuint.2026.106171
Elamipretide (SS-31) and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Combination Therapy Targets TREM2 to Mitigate Post-ischemic Brain Injury in Mice — Neurochemical research 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42443448 · DOI 10.1007/s11064-026-04846-z
Mitochondrial-targeted SS-31 peptide attenuates radiation-induced cardiomyocyte senescence — Journal of radiation research 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42456009 · DOI 10.1093/jrr/rrag048
Therapeutic Peptide SS-31 Modulates Membrane Binding and Aggregation of α-Synuclein and Restores Impaired Mitochondrial Function — Chemical biology & drug design 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42219795 · DOI 10.1111/cbdd.70332
Mechanisms of Anti-Oxidants, N-Acetylcysteine and Elamipretide (SS-31), on Ozone-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Mucus Hypersecretion — Lung 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 41801306 · DOI 10.1007/s00408-026-00875-1
Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential — International journal of molecular sciences 2025
Mitochondria serve an essential metabolic and energetic role in cellular activity, and their dysfunction has been implicated in a wide range of disorders, including cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as Elamipretide (SS-31, MTP-131, Bendavia), have consequently emerged as a topic of scientific and clinical interest. Elamipretide has a unique structure allowing for uptake in a variety of cell types and highly selective mitochondrial targeting. This mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide selectively binds cardiolipin (CL), a lipid found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus stabilizing mitochondrial cristae structure, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the protective and restorative efficacy of Elamipretide in models of he…
open access ↗ · PMID 39940712 · DOI 10.3390/ijms26030944
Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction With Elamipretide (SS-31) Improves Skeletal Muscle Performance in a HFpEF Rat Model — Circulation. Heart failure 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42290373 · DOI 10.1161/circheartfailure.126.014397
Mitochondrial-Targeted SS-31 Attenuates the Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyoblast H9C2 Cell Senescence — Biology 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42450582 · DOI 10.3390/biology15131034
The mechanism, illustrated
